Mu mafakitale ndi masayansi ovuta, kupeza zipangizo kuchokera pa point A kupita pa point B pa kutentha koyenera nthawi zambiri n'kofunika kwambiri. Taganizirani izi motere: Tangoganizirani kuyesa kupereka ayisikilimu tsiku lotentha kwambiri—mukufunika china chake kuti chisungidwe mufiriji! “Chinachake” chimenecho nthawi zambiri chimakhalaMapaipi Otetezedwa ndi Vacuum(VIP) ndi abale awo apadera,Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulo(VJPs). Machitidwewa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yanzeru: amapanga vacuum yabwino kwambiri yoletsa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri ponyamula zinthu zozizira kwambiri kapena zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha mosamala, moyenera, komanso motsika mtengo. Tiyeni tifufuze komwe mapaipi awa ali ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'miyoyo yamakono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwambiri kwaMapaipi Otetezedwa ndi Vacuum? Cryogenics, ndithudi! Makamaka,Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulondi muyezo wagolide woyendetsera mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka (LNG), nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi (LIN), mpweya wamadzimadzi (LOX), argon yamadzimadzi (LAR), ndi haidrojeni yamadzimadzi (LH2). Mapaipi okhala ndi makoma awiriwa, okhala ndi vacuum yayikulu pakati pa makoma, amachepetsa kwambiri kutentha, kuchepetsa mpweya wa "boil-off" (BOG) womwe umabwera pamene zinthuzi zikutentha. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa LNG Terminals & Bunkering, Industrial Gas Production & Distribution ndi Aerospace & Research.

KomaMapaipi Otetezedwa ndi VacuumSizongogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala a cryogenics okha. Ndi zofunikanso pakupanga mankhwala:

Kuyenda kwa Ethylene Yozizira: Kusunga ethylene (chomangira chachikulu mu pulasitiki) madzi pafupifupi -104°C panthawi yoyenda.

ü Kusamalira Kaboni Dioxide (LCO2): Kusunga kutentha kochepa komwe kumafunika pa CO2 yofunikira pa chakudya komanso m'mafakitale, kupewa kupsa ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu.

ü Kupereka Mankhwala Opadera: Kupereka malo okhazikika, olamulidwa ndi kutentha kuti anyamule mankhwala ofunikira, kupewa kuwonongeka kapena kusokonekera kosafunikira.

Chimapangitsa chiyaniMapaipi Otetezedwa ndi VacuummakamakaMapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulo, yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale awa? Nazi zabwino zingapo zazikulu:

1. Chotetezera Chosayerekezeka: Chotetezera kutentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri <10^-3 mbar) chimachotsa kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chothandiza kwambiri kuposa chotetezera kutentha chachikhalidwe.
2. Palibe Kuundana: Khoma lakunja laMapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga ZitsuloImasunga kutentha kwa chipinda, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi asaundane komanso kuti ayezi asapangike - zomwe zimawonjezera chitetezo komanso zimachepetsa dzimbiri.
3. Kuchepetsa Kutayika kwa Zinthu: Chofunika kwambiri posunga ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a cryogenics, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu panthawi yosamutsa ndi kusunga.
4. Chitetezo Chowonjezereka:Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulokupereka njira yachiwiri yochepetsera kutayikira kwa madzi, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi.
5. Moyo Wautali: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa bwinoMapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsuloimapereka kulimba kwapadera komanso kusamalitsa kochepa.

Pamene mafakitale akuyang'ana mtsogolo - ndi haidrojeni yamadzimadzi kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zoyera, zofunikira kwambiri pa kuyera, komanso kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito ambiri - kufunikira kwa ukadaulo wapamwamba wa mapaipi oteteza vacuum (ndi wolimba)Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga Zitsulomakamaka) zidzangowonjezeka. Zatsopano zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya vacuum, kukonza kutchinjiriza kwa multilayer (MLI) mkati mwa chitoliro, ndikukulitsa miyezo yolimba kwambiri ya ultra-high purity (UHP). Kuyambira pakulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ndi LNG mpaka kuthandizira kulondola kodabwitsa kwa kupanga ma chip,Mapaipi Otetezedwa ndi Vacuumndi Mapaipi Opangidwa ndi Vacuum Jacketed ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti kuyenda kwa mpweya wabwino mkati mwa chotchinga chabwino kwambiri cha kutentha. Mwachidule, ndi umboni wa mphamvu ya vacuum insulation pothana ndi mavuto a kutentha.