Ndi kukula kwa mphamvu yonyamulira ya roketi ya cryogenic, kufunika kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi odzaza ndi propellant kukuwonjezekanso. Pipe yotumizira madzi ya cryogenic ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri m'munda wamlengalenga, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina odzaza madzi a cryogenic. Mu payipi yotumizira madzi ya kutentha kochepa, payipi ya vacuum yotsika kutentha, chifukwa cha kutseka kwake bwino, kukana kuthamanga ndi magwiridwe antchito opindika, imatha kulipira ndikuyamwa kusintha kwa kusuntha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukulitsa kutentha kapena kupindika kozizira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha, kulipira kusokonekera kwa payipi ndikuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso, ndikukhala chinthu chofunikira chotumizira madzi mumakina odzaza ndi kutentha kochepa. Kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa malo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyika ndi kutsika kwa cholumikizira chodzaza cha propellant m'malo ang'onoang'ono a nsanja yoteteza, payipi yopangidwayo iyenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kosinthasintha mbali zonse ziwiri zopingasa komanso zazitali.

Paipi yatsopano ya cryogenic vacuum imawonjezera kukula kwa kapangidwe kake, imakweza mphamvu yotumizira madzi a cryogenic, ndipo imatha kusinthasintha mbali zonse ziwiri za mbali ndi zakutali.

Kapangidwe kake konse ka payipi ya cryogenic vacuum

Malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komanso malo opopera mchere, chitsulo cha 06Cr19Ni10 chimasankhidwa kukhala chinthu chachikulu cha payipi. Chitolirochi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za matupi a mapaipi, thupi lamkati ndi thupi lakunja la netiweki, zolumikizidwa ndi chigongono cha 90° pakati. Zojambula za aluminiyamu ndi nsalu yosakhala ya alkali zimakulungidwa motsatizana pamwamba pa thupi lamkati kuti apange chotenthetsera. Mphete zingapo zothandizira payipi ya PTFE zimayikidwa kunja kwa chotenthetsera kuti zisakhudze mwachindunji mapaipi amkati ndi akunja ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a chotenthetsera. Malekezero awiri a cholumikiziracho malinga ndi zofunikira zolumikizira, kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kogwirizana ka cholumikizira chachikulu cha adiabatic. Bokosi lothira lodzazidwa ndi sieve ya 5A molecular limakonzedwa mu sandwich yopangidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za machubu kuti zitsimikizire kuti payipiyo ili ndi digiri yabwino ya vacuum komanso moyo wa vacuum pa cryogenic. Pulagi yotsekera imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira njira yotsukira sandwich.

Zinthu zotetezera kutentha

Chipinda chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za chophimba chowunikira ndi chipinda cholumikizira chomwe chimapindika motsatizana pakhoma la adiabatic. Ntchito yayikulu ya chophimba chowunikira ndikupatula kutentha kwa radiation yakunja. Chipinda cholumikizira chimatha kuletsa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chophimba chowunikira ndikugwira ntchito ngati choletsa moto komanso choteteza kutentha. Zipangizo zowunikira zimaphatikizapo zojambulazo za aluminiyamu, filimu ya polyester yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zipangizo zolumikizira zimaphatikizapo pepala lagalasi losakhala la alkali, nsalu yagalasi yosakhala ya alkali, nsalu ya nayiloni, pepala la adiabatic, ndi zina zotero.

Mu dongosolo la kapangidwe kake, zojambulazo za aluminiyamu zimasankhidwa ngati gawo lotetezera kutentha ngati chophimba chowunikira, ndi nsalu yagalasi yopanda alkali ngati gawo lopatulira kuwala.

Bokosi lothandizira ndi lothandizira

Adsorbent ndi chinthu chokhala ndi kapangidwe ka microporous, gawo lake la adsorption pamwamba ndi lalikulu, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya molekyulu kuti akope mamolekyu a mpweya pamwamba pa adsorbent. Adsorbent mu sandwich ya cryogenic pipe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupeza ndikusunga digiri ya vacuum ya sandwich pa cryogenic. Adsorbents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 5A molecular sieve ndi active carbon. Pansi pa vacuum ndi cryogenic mikhalidwe, 5A molecular sieve ndi active carbon ali ndi mphamvu yofanana ya adsorption ya N2, O2, Ar2, H2 ndi mpweya wina wamba. Carbon yogwira ntchito ndi yosavuta kuchotsa madzi mu sandwich, koma yosavuta kuyaka mu O2. Carbon yogwira ntchito sisankhidwa ngati adsorbent ya liquid oxygen medium pipeline.

5Sefa ya molekyulu inasankhidwa ngati chokometsera masangweji mu dongosolo la kapangidwe.