Helium ndi chinthu cha mankhwala chomwe chili ndi chizindikiro cha He ndi nambala 2 ya atomiki. Ndi mpweya wosowa kwambiri mumlengalenga, wopanda mtundu, wopanda kukoma, wopanda kukoma, wopanda poizoni, wosayaka, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa helium mumlengalenga ndi 5.24 x 10-4 peresenti ya voliyumu. Ili ndi malo otsika kwambiri owira ndi kusungunuka kuposa chinthu chilichonse, ndipo imapezeka ngati mpweya, pokhapokha ngati nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Helium imayendetsedwa makamaka ngati helium ya gasi kapena yamadzimadzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma reactor a nyukiliya, ma semiconductor, ma laser, mababu amagetsi, superconductivity, zida, ma semiconductor ndi fiber optics, cryogenic, MRI ndi kafukufuku wa labotale wa R&D.

Gwero Lozizira Lotsika

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsira cha cryogenic pazinthu zoziziritsira za cryogenic, monga magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum particle accelerator, large hadron collider, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) ndi superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), MHD superconducting generators, superconducting sensor, power transmission, maglev transportation, mass spectrometer, superconducting magnet, strong magnetic field separators, annular field superconducting magnets for fusion reactors ndi kafukufuku wina wa cryogenic. Helium imaziziritsa zipangizo za cryogenic superconducting ndi maginito kufika pa zero, pomwe kukana kwa superconductor mwadzidzidzi kumatsika kufika pa zero. Kukana kochepa kwambiri kwa superconductor kumapanga mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kwambiri. Pankhani ya zida za MRI zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala, mphamvu ya maginito imapanga tsatanetsatane wambiri pazithunzi za radiographic.

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsira kwambiri chifukwa helium imakhala ndi malo otsika kwambiri osungunuka ndi kuwira, siuma pamlingo wa mlengalenga ndi 0 K, ndipo helium ndi yopanda mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, helium imakhala yocheperako kuposa 2.2 Kelvin. Mpaka pano, ultra-mobility yapaderayi sinagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale aliwonse. Pa kutentha kochepera 17 Kelvin, palibe cholowa m'malo mwa helium ngati refrigerant mu cryogenic source.

Akatswiri a Zam'mlengalenga ndi Akatswiri a Zam'mlengalenga

Helium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mabaluni ndi m'mabwalo a ndege. Popeza helium ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya, mabwalo a ndege ndi mabaluni amadzazidwa ndi helium. Helium ili ndi ubwino woti siyaka, ngakhale kuti hydrogen imayandama kwambiri ndipo imatha kuthawa pang'ono kuchokera ku nembanemba. Ntchito ina yachiwiri ndi muukadaulo wa roketi, komwe helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kutaya mafuta ndi oxidizer m'matanki osungiramo zinthu ndikusunga hydrogen ndi oxygen kuti apange mafuta a roketi. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa mafuta ndi oxidizer kuchokera ku zida zothandizira pansi isanayambe kuponyedwa, ndipo ikhoza kuziziritsa hydrogen yamadzimadzi mumlengalenga. Mu roketi ya Saturn V yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulogalamu ya Apollo, pafupifupi ma cubic meters 370,000 (ma cubic feet 13 miliyoni) a helium adafunikira kuti ayambe kuponyedwa.

Kuzindikira ndi Kuzindikira Kutaya kwa Mapaipi

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kena ka helium m'mafakitale ndi kuzindikira kutuluka kwa madzi. Kuzindikira kutuluka kwa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kutuluka kwa madzi m'makina okhala ndi zakumwa ndi mpweya. Popeza helium imafalikira kudzera mu zinthu zolimba katatu kuposa mpweya, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wofufuzira kuti izindikire kutuluka kwa madzi m'zida zokhala ndi vacuum yambiri (monga matanki a cryogenic) ndi zombo zodzaza ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Chinthucho chimayikidwa m'chipinda, chomwe chimachotsedwa ndikudzazidwa ndi helium. Ngakhale pamlingo wotuluka wa 10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), helium yomwe imatuluka kudzera mu kutuluka kwa madzi imatha kuzindikirika ndi chipangizo chodziwikiratu (helium mass spectrometer). Njira yoyezera nthawi zambiri imachitika yokha ndipo imatchedwa helium integration test. Njira ina yosavuta komanso yodzaza chinthucho ndi helium ndikufufuza pamanja kutuluka kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chonyamula m'manja.

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kutayikira kwa madzi chifukwa ndi molekyu yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo ndi molekyulu ya monoatomic, kotero helium imatayikira mosavuta. Mpweya wa helium umadzazidwa mu chinthucho panthawi yozindikira kutayikira kwa madzi, ndipo ngati kutayikira kwachitika, helium mass spectrometer idzatha kuzindikira komwe kutayikira kwa madzi. Helium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kutayikira kwa madzi m'maroketi, matanki amafuta, zosinthira kutentha, mizere ya gasi, zamagetsi, machubu a TV ndi zida zina zopangira. Kuzindikira kutayikira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito helium kunagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba panthawi ya pulojekiti ya Manhattan kuti adziwe kutayikira kwa madzi m'mafakitale owonjezera uranium. Helium yozindikira kutayikira kwa madzi imatha kusinthidwa ndi hydrogen, nayitrogeni, kapena chisakanizo cha hydrogen ndi nayitrogeni.

Kuwotcherera ndi Kugwira Ntchito ndi Zitsulo

Mpweya wa helium umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza mu arc welding ndi plasma arc welding chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yowonjezereka ya ionization kuposa maatomu ena. Mpweya wa helium wozungulira weld umaletsa chitsulo kuti chisawonongeke mu mkhalidwe wosungunuka. Mphamvu yayikulu ya ionization ya helium imalola plasma arc welding ya zitsulo zosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kumanga zombo, ndi ndege, monga titanium, zirconium, magnesium, ndi aluminiyamu. Ngakhale kuti helium yomwe ili mu mpweya woteteza ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi argon kapena hydrogen, zipangizo zina (monga titanium helium) sizingasinthidwe kuti zigwirizane ndi plasma arc welding. Chifukwa helium ndiye mpweya wokhawo womwe uli wotetezeka kutentha kwambiri.

Limodzi mwa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukula ndi kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Helium ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sukumana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala akakumana ndi zinthu zina. Khalidweli ndi lofunika kwambiri pa mpweya woteteza kuwotcherera.

Helium imayendetsa bwino kutentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma welds komwe kumafunika kutentha kwambiri kuti weld ikhale yonyowa. Helium imathandizanso poyendetsa mwachangu.

Helium nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi argon mosiyanasiyana mu chisakanizo cha mpweya woteteza kuti igwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu zabwino za mpweya wonsewo. Mwachitsanzo, Helium imagwira ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza kuti ipereke njira zokulirapo komanso zosaya kwambiri zolowera mkati panthawi yowotcherera. Koma helium sipereka kuyeretsa monga momwe argon imachitira.

Motero, opanga zitsulo nthawi zambiri amaganizira zosakaniza argon ndi helium ngati gawo la ntchito yawo. Pa welding yachitsulo chotetezedwa ndi mpweya, helium ikhoza kukhala ndi 25% mpaka 75% ya chisakanizo cha mpweya mu chisakanizo cha helium/argon. Mwa kusintha kapangidwe ka chisakanizo cha mpweya woteteza, welder ingakhudze kufalikira kwa kutentha kwa weld, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a gawo lopingasa la weld ndi liwiro la weld.

Makampani Opanga Ma Semiconductor Amagetsi

Popeza ndi mpweya wopanda mpweya, helium ndi yokhazikika kwambiri kotero kuti sigwirizana ndi zinthu zina zilizonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chishango polumikiza arc (popewa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya mumlengalenga). Helium imagwiranso ntchito zina zofunika, monga ma semiconductors ndi opanga ulusi wa optical. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kulowa m'malo mwa nayitrogeni posambira mozama kuti ipewe kupangika kwa thovu la nayitrogeni m'magazi, motero kupewa matenda osambira.

Kuchuluka kwa Malonda a Helium Padziko Lonse (2016-2027)

Msika wapadziko lonse wa helium unafika pa $1825.37 miliyoni mu 2020 ndipo ukuyembekezeka kufika pa US $2742.04 miliyoni mu 2027, ndi kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa pachaka (CAGR) kwa 5.65% (2021-2027). Makampaniwa ali ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu m'zaka zikubwerazi. Deta yolosera za 2021-2027 mu pepalali ikuchokera pa chitukuko chakale cha zaka zingapo zapitazi, malingaliro a akatswiri amakampani ndi malingaliro a akatswiri omwe ali mu pepalali.

Makampani opanga helium ndi olemera kwambiri, ochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo ali ndi opanga ochepa padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku United States, Russia, Qatar ndi Algeria. Padziko lonse lapansi, gawo la ogula limapezeka ku United States, China, ndi Europe ndi zina zotero. United States ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso malo osagwedezeka mumakampaniwa.

Makampani ambiri ali ndi mafakitale angapo, koma nthawi zambiri sali pafupi ndi msika wawo womwe akufuna kugula. Chifukwa chake, malondawo ali ndi mtengo wokwera woyendera.

Kuyambira zaka zisanu zoyambirira, kupanga kwakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Helium ndi gwero la mphamvu losabwezeretsedwanso, ndipo pali mfundo zoyendetsera mayiko opanga kuti atsimikizire kuti ikugwiritsidwa ntchitobe. Ena akulosera kuti helium idzatha mtsogolo.

Makampaniwa ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi kutumizidwa kunja. Pafupifupi mayiko onse amagwiritsa ntchito helium, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe ali ndi helium yosungidwa.

Helium ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo ipezeka m'magawo ambiri. Popeza kusowa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa helium kungakwere mtsogolo, zomwe zikufunika njira zina zoyenera. Mitengo ya Helium ikuyembekezeka kupitirira kukwera kuyambira 2021 mpaka 2026, kuchokera pa $13.53 / m3 (2020) mpaka $19.09 / m3 (2027).

Makampaniwa akukhudzidwa ndi zachuma ndi mfundo. Pamene chuma cha padziko lonse chikubwerera m'mbuyo, anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa ndi kukonza miyezo ya zachilengedwe, makamaka m'madera osatukuka omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri komanso kukula kwachuma mwachangu, kufunikira kwa helium kudzawonjezeka.

Pakadali pano, opanga makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi akuphatikizapo Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) ndi Gazprom (Ru), ndi ena. Mu 2020, gawo logulitsa la opanga 6 Opambana lidzapitirira 74%. Akuyembekezeka kuti mpikisano mumakampani udzakula kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.

Zipangizo za HL Cryogenic

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi za helium komanso kukwera kwa mtengo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutayika ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa helium yamadzimadzi pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi mayendedwe ake.

HL Cryogenic Equipment yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992 ndi kampani yogwirizana ndi HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yadzipereka pakupanga ndi kupanga High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System ndi zida zina zothandizira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za makasitomala. Chitoliro Chotetezedwa ndi Vacuum ndi Flexible Hose zimapangidwa mu vacuum yayitali komanso zinthu zapadera zotetezedwa ndi zikopa zambiri, ndipo zimadutsa mu njira zingapo zochizira zaukadaulo kwambiri komanso chithandizo cha vacuum yambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, argon yamadzimadzi, hydrogen yamadzimadzi, helium yamadzimadzi, gasi wa ethylene wosungunuka LEG ndi gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka LNG.

Mndandanda wazinthu za Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, ndi Phase Separator mu HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, zomwe zidadutsa munjira zingapo zaukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, argon wamadzimadzi, hydrogen wamadzimadzi, helium wamadzimadzi, LEG ndi LNG, ndipo zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za cryogenic (monga matanki a cryogenic, ma dewar ndi ma coldbox ndi zina zotero) m'mafakitale olekanitsa mpweya, mpweya, ndege, zamagetsi, superconductor, ma chips, automation assembly, chakudya ndi zakumwa, pharmacy, chipatala, biobank, rabara, kupanga zinthu zatsopano zaukadaulo wa mankhwala, chitsulo ndi chitsulo, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi ndi zina zotero.

Kampani ya HL Cryogenic Equipment yakhala kampani yoyenerera kugulitsa zinthu monga Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, ndi Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) ndi zina zotero.