Helium ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi chizindikiro cha He ndi nambala ya atomiki 2. Ndi mpweya wosowa mumlengalenga, wopanda mtundu, wosakoma, wosakoma, wopanda poizoni, wosayaka, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa helium mumlengalenga ndi 5.24 x 10-4 ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. Ili ndi malo otsika kwambiri owira ndi kusungunuka pa chinthu chilichonse, ndipo imapezeka ngati mpweya, kupatula kuzizira kwambiri.

Helium imatengedwa ngati mpweya kapena helium yamadzimadzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida za nyukiliya, semiconductors, lasers, mababu, superconductivity, instrumentation, semiconductors ndi fiber optics, cryogenic, MRI ndi kafukufuku wa labotale wa R&D.

Kutentha Kochepa Gwero Lozizira

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsa kukhosi cha cryogenic kuzirala, monga kujambula kwa maginito (MRI), mawonedwe a nyukiliya maginito (NMR), superconducting quantum particle accelerator, hadron collider yayikulu, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) ndi superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), MHD superconducting generator, superconducting sensor, transmission power, maglev transportation, mass spectrometer, superconducting maginito, olekanitsa maginito amphamvu, annular field superconducting maginito a fusion reactors ndi kafukufuku wina wa cryogenic. Helium imaziziritsa zida za cryogenic superconducting ndi maginito mpaka pafupi ndi ziro, pomwe kukana kwa superconductor kumatsika mwadzidzidzi mpaka ziro. Kutsika kochepa kwambiri kwa superconductor kumapanga mphamvu yamaginito yamphamvu kwambiri. Pankhani ya zida za MRI zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala, maginito amphamvu amatulutsa tsatanetsatane wazithunzi za radiographic.

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsa bwino kwambiri chifukwa helium imakhala ndi malo otsika kwambiri osungunuka ndi otentha, salimba ndi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga ndi 0 K, ndipo helium ndi inert yamankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza apo, helium imakhala yochulukirapo pansi pa 2.2 Kelvin. Mpaka pano, kusuntha kwapadera kopitilira muyeso sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito pamafakitale aliwonse. Pa kutentha pansi pa 17 Kelvin, palibe cholowa m'malo mwa helium ngati refrigerant mu cryogenic source.

Aeronautics ndi Astronautics

Helium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mabaluni ndi ma airship. Chifukwa helium ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya, ma airship ndi mabuloni amadzazidwa ndi helium. Helium ili ndi ubwino wosapsa, ngakhale kuti haidrojeni imakhala yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yocheperapo yothawira ku nembanemba. Ntchito ina yachiwiri ndi ukadaulo wa rocket, pomwe helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yotayika kuti ichotse mafuta ndi oxidizer m'matanki osungira ndikutsitsa haidrojeni ndi okosijeni kupanga mafuta a rocket. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa mafuta ndi oxidizer pazida zothandizira pansi musanayambike, ndipo imatha kuziziritsanso haidrojeni yamadzimadzi mumlengalenga. Mu roketi ya Saturn V yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulogalamu ya Apollo, pafupifupi 370,000 cubic metres (13 miliyoni cubic feet) ya helium inafunika kuti iyambike.

Kuzindikira kwa Pipeline Leak ndi Kusanthula Kuzindikira

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwina kwa helium m'mafakitale ndiko kuzindikira kutayikira. Kuzindikira kutayikira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kutayikira kwa makina okhala ndi zakumwa ndi mpweya. Chifukwa helium imafalikira kudzera m'zinthu zolimba katatu kuposa mpweya, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gasi wofufuza kuti azindikire kutuluka kwa zida zotulutsa mpweya wambiri (monga matanki a cryogenic) ndi zombo zothamanga kwambiri. Chinthucho chimayikidwa m'chipinda, chomwe chimachotsedwa ndikudzazidwa ndi helium. Ngakhale pamitengo yotayikira yotsika ngati 10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), helium yomwe ikutuluka ndikutuluka imatha kuzindikirika ndi chipangizo chodziwika bwino (helium mass spectrometer). Njira yoyezera nthawi zambiri imakhala yokha ndipo imatchedwa kuyesa kwa helium kuphatikiza. Njira ina, yosavuta ndiyo kudzaza chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwa ndi helium ndikufufuza pamanja zotulukapo pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cham'manja.

Helium imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kutayikira chifukwa ndi kamolekyu kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo ndi molekyulu ya monatomic, motero helium imatuluka mosavuta. Mpweya wa helium umadzazidwa mu chinthucho pozindikira kutayikira, ndipo ngati kutayikira kukuchitika, helium mass spectrometer idzatha kuzindikira komwe kutayikirako. Helium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira kutuluka kwa maroketi, akasinja amafuta, osinthanitsa kutentha, mizere ya gasi, zamagetsi, machubu a TELEVISION ndi zida zina zopangira. Kuzindikira kutayikira pogwiritsa ntchito helium kudagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pa pulojekiti ya Manhattan kuti azindikire kutayikira pamitengo yolemeretsa uranium. Helium yozindikira kutayikira imatha kusinthidwa ndi haidrojeni, nayitrojeni, kapena chisakanizo cha haidrojeni ndi nayitrogeni.

Welding ndi Metal Working

Mpweya wa Helium umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza mu kuwotcherera kwa arc ndi kuwotcherera kwa plasma arc chifukwa champhamvu yake ya ionization kuposa maatomu ena. Mpweya wa helium wozungulira powotcherera amalepheretsa chitsulo kuti zisalowe m'malo osungunuka. Mphamvu yapamwamba ya ionization ya helium imalola kuwotcherera kwa plasma arc yazitsulo zosiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kupanga zombo, ndi zakuthambo, monga titaniyamu, zirconium, magnesium, ndi zitsulo zotayidwa. Ngakhale helium mu mpweya wotchinga amatha kusinthidwa ndi argon kapena haidrojeni, zida zina (monga titaniyamu helium) sizingasinthidwe ndi kuwotcherera kwa plasma arc. Chifukwa helium ndi mpweya wokhawo womwe umakhala wotetezeka pakatentha kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pachitukuko ndi kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Helium ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina. Mkhalidwewu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcherera mpweya woteteza.

Helium imapangitsanso kutentha bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma welds pomwe kutentha kwapamwamba kumafunikira kuti kuwongolera kunyowa kwa weld. Helium imathandizanso pakuthamanga.

Helium nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi argon mosiyanasiyana muzosakaniza zoteteza mpweya kuti zithe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zonse za mpweya. Helium, mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza kuti uthandizire kupereka njira zambiri komanso zosazama zolowera pakuwotcherera. Koma helium sipereka kuyeretsa komwe argon amachita.

Chotsatira chake, opanga zitsulo nthawi zambiri amalingalira kusakaniza argon ndi helium monga gawo la ntchito yawo. Pakuwotcherera zitsulo zotetezedwa ndi gasi, helium imatha kukhala 25% mpaka 75% ya kusakaniza kwa gasi mu helium/argon osakaniza. Mwa kusintha kapangidwe ka kusakaniza kwa gasi woteteza, wowotcherera amatha kukhudza kugawa kwa kutentha kwa weld, komwe kumakhudza mawonekedwe a gawo la mtanda wa chitsulo chowotcherera komanso liwiro la kuwotcherera.

Makampani a Electronic Semiconductor

Monga gasi wolowera, helium ndi yokhazikika kotero kuti imakumana ndi zinthu zina zilizonse. Katunduyu amamupangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chishango pakuwotcherera kwa arc (kuteteza kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya mumlengalenga). Helium ilinso ndi ntchito zina zovuta, monga ma semiconductors ndi opanga ma fiber. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kulowa m'malo mwa nayitrogeni pakudumphira mozama kuletsa kupangika kwa thovu la nayitrogeni m'magazi, motero kupewa matenda odumphira pansi.

Mtengo Wogulitsa wa Helium Padziko Lonse (2016-2027)

Msika wapadziko lonse wa helium udafika kwa ife $1825.37 miliyoni mu 2020 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika US $2742.04 miliyoni mu 2027, ndi chiwopsezo chakukula kwapachaka (CAGR) cha 5.65% (2021-2027). Makampaniwa ali ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu m'zaka zikubwerazi. Zomwe zanenedweratu za 2021-2027 mu pepala ili zimachokera ku mbiri yakale yazaka zingapo zapitazi, malingaliro a akatswiri amakampani ndi malingaliro a akatswiri mu pepalali.

Makampani a helium amakhazikika kwambiri, amachokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo ali ndi opanga ochepa padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku United States, Russia, Qatar ndi Algeria. Padziko lapansi, gawo la ogula likukhazikika ku United States, China, ndi Europe ndi zina zotero. United States ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso malo osagwedezeka pamakampani.

Makampani ambiri ali ndi mafakitale angapo, koma nthawi zambiri sakhala pafupi ndi misika yawo yogula. Choncho, mankhwalawa ali ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri.

Kuyambira zaka zisanu zoyambirira, kupanga kwakula pang'onopang'ono. Helium ndi mphamvu yosasinthika, ndipo ndondomeko zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mayiko kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ena amalosera kuti helium idzatha m’tsogolo.

Makampaniwa ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi kunja. Pafupifupi mayiko onse amagwiritsa ntchito helium, koma ndi ochepa okha omwe ali ndi nkhokwe za helium.

Helium ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo idzapezeka m'madera ambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa helium kuyenera kuwonjezeka m'tsogolomu, zomwe zimafuna njira zina zoyenera. Mitengo ya Helium ikuyembekezeka kukwera kuchokera ku 2021 mpaka 2026, kuchokera ku $ 13.53 / m3 (2020) mpaka $ 19.09 / m3 (2027).

Makampaniwa amakhudzidwa ndi zachuma ndi ndondomeko. Pamene chuma cha padziko lonse chikuyenda bwino, anthu ochulukirachulukira akuda nkhawa ndi kuwongolera miyezo ya chilengedwe, makamaka m'madera osatukuka omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri komanso kukula msanga kwachuma, kufunikira kwa helium kudzawonjezeka.

Pakalipano, opanga akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi akuphatikizapo Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) ndi Gazprom (Ru), ndi zina zotero. Zikuyembekezeka kuti mpikisano wamakampaniwo ukhala wokulirapo m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.

HL Cryogenic Equipment

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi za helium komanso kukwera kwa mtengo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutayika ndi kubwezeretsa kwamadzi amadzimadzi a helium pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake komanso kayendetsedwe kake.

HL Cryogenic Equipment yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992 ndi mtundu womwe umagwirizana ndi HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yadzipereka kupanga ndi kupanga High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System ndi Zida Zothandizira Zothandizira kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za makasitomala. The Vacuum Insulated Pipe ndi Flexible Hose amapangidwa mu vacuum yayikulu komanso yosanjikiza yamitundu ingapo ya zida zapadera zotchingidwa, ndipo amadutsa munjira zingapo zamankhwala okhwima kwambiri komanso ma vacuum apamwamba, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. , argon yamadzimadzi, haidrojeni yamadzimadzi, helium yamadzimadzi, mpweya wa ethylene LEG ndi mpweya wachilengedwe wa liquefied LNG.

Mndandanda wazinthu za Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, ndi Phase Separator mu HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, yomwe idadutsa njira zingapo zamankhwala okhwima kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito posamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, argon yamadzimadzi, madzi wa hydrogen, helium yamadzi, LEG ndi LNG, ndipo zinthu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za cryogenic (mwachitsanzo, akasinja a cryogenic, dewars ndi coldboxes etc.) m'mafakitale olekanitsa mpweya, mpweya, ndege, zamagetsi, superconductor, tchipisi, msonkhano wodzichitira, chakudya & chakumwa, mankhwala, chipatala, biobank, mphira, zinthu zatsopano kupanga mankhwala uinjiniya, chitsulo & zitsulo, ndi kafukufuku sayansi etc.

HL Cryogenic Equipment Company yakhala ogulitsa / ogulitsa oyenerera a Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, ndi Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) etc.