Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi: Mpweya wa nayitrogeni uli mu mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi. Wopanda utoto, wopanda fungo, wosawononga, wosayaka, kutentha kozizira kwambiri. Nayitrogeni imapanga mlengalenga wonse (78.03% ndi voliyumu ndi 75.5% ndi kulemera). Nayitrogeni sigwira ntchito ndipo siithandiza kuyaka. Frostbite yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwambiri kwa endothermic panthawi ya nthunzi.
Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi gwero losavuta lozizira. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi yakhala ikusamalidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuzindikirika ndi anthu. Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ofufuza zinyama, zamankhwala, chakudya, komanso kafukufuku wa cryogenic. Mu zamagetsi, zitsulo, ndege, kupanga makina ndi zina mwa ntchito zake, yakhala ikukula ndikukula.
Cryogenic superconducting
Makhalidwe apadera a Superconductor, kotero kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Superconductor imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi m'malo mwa helium yamadzimadzi ngati refrigerant yowongolera mphamvu, yomwe imatsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa superconducting m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo imaonedwa ngati imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zasayansi zomwe zapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1900.
Luso la Superconducting magnetic levitation ndi superconducting ceramic YBCO, pamene zinthu zoyendetsera superconducting zimaziziritsidwa kufika kutentha kwa nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi (78K, yofanana ndi -196~C), kuchokera ku kusintha kwabwinobwino kupita ku superconducting state. Mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yotetezedwa imakankhira mphamvu ya maginito ya njanji, ndipo ngati mphamvuyo ndi yayikulu kuposa kulemera kwa sitimayo, galimotoyo imatha kuyimitsidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lina la mphamvu ya maginito limagwidwa mu superconductor chifukwa cha mphamvu ya magnetic flux pinning panthawi yozizira. Mphamvu ya maginito yogwira iyi imakokedwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya njanji, ndipo chifukwa cha kukana ndi kukopa, galimotoyo imakhala yoyimitsidwa mwamphamvu pamwamba pa njanji. Mosiyana ndi zotsatira za kukana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi kukopa kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pakati pa maginito, kuyanjana pakati pa superconductor ndi mphamvu ya maginito yakunja kumatuluka ndikukoka wina ndi mnzake, kotero kuti superconductor ndi maginito osatha amatha kukana mphamvu yawo yokoka ndikuyimitsa kapena kulendewera mozondoka pansi pa wina ndi mnzake.
Kupanga ndi kuyesa zida zamagetsi
Kuwunika kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ndi kusankha chiwerengero cha zinthu zachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka koyenera kwa kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ku zigawo kapena makina onse, ndikuyambitsa zolakwika za njira ya zigawo, ndiko kuti, zolakwika pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, ndikupereka kukonza kapena kusintha. Kuwunika kupsinjika kwa malo ndi kothandiza povomereza kuzungulira kwa kutentha ndi kugwedezeka mwachisawawa. Kuyesa kuzungulira kwa kutentha ndi kuvomereza kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kotero kuti zigawo za zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha kuipa kwa cholumikizira, kusalinganika kwa chinthucho, zolakwika panjira yogwirira ntchito chifukwa cha vuto lobisika ndi kulephera kwa agile, zivomereze kusintha kwa kutentha kwa 5℃/mphindi. Kutentha kocheperako ndi -40℃, +60℃. Chiwerengero cha ma cycle ndi 8. Kuphatikiza koteroko kwa magawo a chilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti kulowetsa kwapadera, zigawo zodula, ndi zigawo za zolakwika zawo ziwonekere bwino. Pa mayeso a cycle ya kutentha kwa misa, titha kuganizira kuvomereza njira ziwiri zamabokosi. Mu chilengedwe ichi, kuwunika kuyenera kuchitika pamlingo.
Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi njira yachangu komanso yothandiza kwambiri yotetezera ndi kuyesa zida zamagetsi ndi ma circuit board.
Luso logaya mipira ya cryogenic
Mphero ya mpira wa mapulaneti ya Cryogenic ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi womwe umalowa mosalekeza mu mphero ya mpira wa mapulaneti yokhala ndi chivundikiro chotetezera kutentha, mpweya wozizira udzakhala wozungulira mwachangu kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi thanki yopera mpira nthawi yeniyeni, kotero kuti thanki yopera mpira yokhala ndi zinthu, mpira wopera nthawi zonse umakhala pamalo enaake a cryogenic. Mu malo osakanikirana a cryogenic, kupeta bwino, kupanga zinthu zatsopano komanso kupanga zinthu zamakono zazing'ono. Chogulitsachi ndi chaching'ono, chogwira ntchito mokwanira, chogwirizana kwambiri, chopanda phokoso, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zamankhwala, makampani opanga mankhwala, kuteteza chilengedwe, makampani opepuka, zipangizo zomangira, zitsulo, ziwiya zadothi, mchere ndi zina.
Luso lopanga zinthu zobiriwira
Kudula kwa cryogenic ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a cryogenic monga nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, kaboni dioxide yamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wozizira ku dongosolo lodulira la malo odulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo odulira akhale a cryogenic kapena ultra-cryogenic, pogwiritsa ntchito kufooka kwa cryogenic kwa workpiece pansi pa mikhalidwe ya cryogenic, kukonza makina odulira workpiece, moyo wa chida ndi khalidwe la pamwamba pa workpiece. Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa malo ozizira, kudula kwa cryogenic kungagawidwe m'magulu odulira mpweya wozizira ndi kudula kwa madzi a nayitrogeni yozizira. Njira yodulira mpweya wozizira wa cryogenic ndi kupopera -20℃ ~ -30℃ (kapena kutsika) kwa mpweya wozizira kupita ku gawo lokonza la nsonga ya chida, ndikusakaniza ndi mafuta oyambira chomera (10~20m 1 pa ola limodzi), kuti azitha kuziziritsa, kuchotsa chips, mafuta. Poyerekeza ndi kudula kwachikhalidwe, kudula kozizira kwa cryogenic kumatha kusintha kutsata kwa kukonza, kukonza bwino pamwamba pa workpiece, komanso kusakhala ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe. Malo opangira zinthu ku Japan Yasuda Industry Company amavomereza kapangidwe ka njira ya mpweya wa adiabatic yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa shaft ya mota ndi shaft yodula, ndipo imatsogolera mwachindunji ku tsamba pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo yozizira ya -30℃. Dongosololi limawongolera kwambiri mikhalidwe yodulira ndipo ndi lothandiza pakukhazikitsa ukadaulo wodulira mpweya wozizira. Kazuhiko Yokokawa adachita kafukufuku wokhudza kuzizira kwa mpweya wozizira potembenuza ndi kugaya. Mu mayeso odulira, madzi odulira madzi, mphepo yotenthetsera bwino (+10℃) ndi mpweya wozizira (-30℃) zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza mphamvu. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kulimba kwa chidacho kunakula kwambiri pamene mpweya wozizira unagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu mayeso odulira, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira (-20℃) kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa mpweya wabwinobwino (+20℃).
Kudula madzi oziziritsa a nayitrogeni kuli ndi ntchito ziwiri zofunika. Choyamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya botolo kupopera nayitrogeni yamadzi mwachindunji pamalo odulira monga kudula madzi. Chinanso ndi kuziziritsa chida kapena workpiece pogwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka madzi ka nayitrogeni pansi pa kutentha. Tsopano kudula kwa cryogenic ndikofunikira pakupanga titanium alloy, chitsulo cha manganese chambiri, chitsulo cholimba ndi zinthu zina zovuta kukonza. KPRaijurkar idagwiritsa ntchito chida cha H13A carbide ndipo idagwiritsa ntchito chida choziziritsira chamadzimadzi cha nayitrogeni kuti ichite zoyeserera zodulira cryogenic pa titanium alloy. Zotsatira za mayeso zidawonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zodulira, kusowa kwa zida kunachotsedwa, kutentha kodulira kunachepetsedwa ndi 30%, ndipo mtundu wa makina opangira pamwamba pa workpiece unasintha kwambiri. Wan Guangmin adagwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira yosalunjika kuti achite zoyeserera zodulira cryogenic pa chitsulo cha manganese chambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimaperekedwa ndemanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira yosalunjika kuti achite chitsulo cha manganese chambiri pa cryogenic, mphamvu ya chida imachotsedwa, kusowa kwa zida kumachepa, zizindikiro zolimbitsa ntchito zimawonjezeka, ndipo mtundu wa pamwamba pa workpiece umawonjezekanso. Wang Lianpeng et al. adagwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi pokonza chitsulo chozimitsidwa 45 pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC, ndipo adapereka ndemanga pa zotsatira za mayeso. Kulimba kwa chida ndi ubwino wa pamwamba pa ntchito zitha kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi pokonza chitsulo chozimitsidwa 45 pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa.
Mu mkhalidwe wa kuzizira kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, zinthu za carbide zimalumikiza mphamvu yopindika, kulimba kwa kusweka ndi kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu, kuuma kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha kochepa ndipo chifukwa chake zida zodulira za carbide zomangidwira mu kuzizira kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi zimatha kulumikizana ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri odulira, monga kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa gawo lomangirira. Pachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, ndi cryogenic, kuuma kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yogwira imakhala yotsika, koma chonsecho chingalumikize magwiridwe antchito abwino odulira. Iye pa zipangizo zina mu kusintha kwa cryogenic kwa makina ake odulira adachita kafukufuku, kusankha chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni AISl010, chitsulo chokwera cha kaboni AISl070, chitsulo chonyamula AISIE52100, titaniyamu alloy Ti-6A 1-4V, aluminiyamu alloy A390 zida zisanu, kukhazikitsa kafukufuku ndi kuwunika: Chifukwa cha kufooka kwabwino kwambiri pa cryogenic, zotsatira zomwe mukufuna pamakina zitha kupezeka podula cryogenic. Pachitsulo chokwera cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chonyamula, kukwera kwa kutentha m'dera lodulira ndi kuchuluka kwa kuvala kwa zida kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kuzizira kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. Mu aluminiyamu yodulira yopangira zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwa cryogenic kungathandize kulimbitsa chida ndi kukana zida ku silicon phase abrasive vality, pokonza titanium alloy, nthawi yomweyo cryogenic cooling chida ndi workpiece, kuchepetsa kutentha kwabwino komanso kuthetsa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala pakati pa titanium ndi zida.
Ntchito zina za nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi
Satelaiti ya Jiuquan inatumiza malo osungira mafuta apadera pakati kuti apange nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, yomwe imayendetsa mafuta a roketi, yomwe imakankhidwira m'chipinda choyaka moto pamphamvu kwambiri.
Chingwe chamagetsi chowongolera kutentha kwambiri. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa payipi yamadzimadzi panthawi yokonza mwadzidzidzi. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa cryogenic ndi kuzimitsa cryogenic ya zinthu. Luso la chipangizo choziziritsira cha nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi (kukula kwa kutentha ndi zizindikiro zozizira mu ntchito yamakampani) chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Luso lobzala nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi. Luso lotulutsa nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ya jet yogwetsa madzi nthawi yeniyeni, nthawi zonse limafufuzidwa mozama. Gwiritsani ntchito nayitrogeni yozimitsa moto pansi pa nthaka, moto umawonongeka mwachangu, ndikuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa kuphulika kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chiyani mungasankhe nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi: Chifukwa imazizira mwachangu kuposa njira zina, ndipo sichitapo kanthu ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zina, imasuntha kwambiri malo ndikupereka mlengalenga wouma, ndi wochezeka (nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imasungunuka mwachindunji mumlengalenga mutagwiritsa ntchito, popanda kusiya kuipitsa kulikonse), ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zipangizo za HL Cryogenic
Zipangizo za HL Cryogenicyomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992 ndi kampani yogwirizana ndiKampani ya HL Cryogenic Equipment Cryogenic Equipment Co.,LtdHL Cryogenic Equipment yadzipereka pakupanga ndi kupanga High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System ndi zida zina zothandizira kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za makasitomala. Chitoliro Chotetezedwa ndi Vacuum ndi Flexible Hose zimapangidwa mu vacuum yayitali komanso zinthu zapadera zotetezedwa ndi zingwe zambiri, ndipo zimadutsa mu njira zingapo zochizira zaukadaulo kwambiri komanso chithandizo cha vacuum yambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, argon yamadzimadzi, hydrogen yamadzimadzi, helium yamadzimadzi, gasi wa ethylene LEG ndi gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka LNG.
Mndandanda wazinthu za Phase Separator, Vacuum Pipe, Vacuum Hose ndi Vacuum Valve mu HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, zomwe zidadutsa munjira zingapo zaukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, argon wamadzimadzi, haidrojeni wamadzimadzi, helium wamadzimadzi, LEG ndi LNG, ndipo zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za cryogenic (monga thanki yosungiramo cryogenic, dewar ndi coldbox etc.) m'mafakitale olekanitsa mpweya, mpweya, ndege, zamagetsi, superconductor, ma chips, pharmacy, biobank, chakudya ndi zakumwa, kusonkhana kwa automation, uinjiniya wa mankhwala, chitsulo ndi chitsulo, rabara, kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi kafukufuku wasayansi ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-24-2021
